Parkinson’s Disease Essay -- Medicine Health Biology Research

Parkinsons DiseaseParkinsons illness is a unhealthiness with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and proportionateness. In 1817, the position physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his predict become equivalent with the complaint. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinsons. Examination with the naked eye reveals a want of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem. Subsequent follow up with the microscope showed a harm of the nerve cells in this area. The circuitous relationship in the midst of the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia explains many of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Today the cause of the disease remains unknown, however, the biochemistry is nearly documented and recently discovered neurotoxins have us hot on the trail of this disease. Portions of the cerebellum are involved in the sustain of po sture and balance and also modulate voluntary movement. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum act with the cerebral pallium through a series of feedback circuits. The dentate and interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum flip to the ventral askant cell nucleus of the thalamus, which also receives projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Recent evidence indicates, however, that no(prenominal) of these projections overlap in the ventral lateral nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus projects to the primary force and supplementary labour areas of the cerebral cortex. In turn, the motor cortex and otherwise regions of the cerebrum project to the striatum to enter the basal ganglia circuit. Moreover, the motor cortex projects to the pons Varolii to enter the cerebellar circuit, includ... ...c hope. Bibliography 1. Barbeau, Andre and Fletcher McDowell L-Dopa and Parkinsonism, (F.A. Davis Company, 1970) 2. Calne, Donald B., Parkinsonism Physiology, materia medica and treatment. (Edward Arnold Publishers LTD, 1970) 3. Langston, J. W., MPTP induced Parkinsons syndrome. Science, Vol. 219, No.2, March 1983, 133-140 4. Pleet, A. B., Newly-diagnosed Parkinsons disease a redress update. Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 47, January 1992, 24-29 5. Shoushu, Jiao, long-term correction of rat model of Parkinsons disease by factor therapy. Nature, Vol. 362, No. 2, April 1, 1993, 450-453. 6. Langston, J. William, The next frontier Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991 5-7 7. Jenner, P. Clues to the appliance underlying dopamine cell death in Parkinsons disease. daybook of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. (1989) 22-28 Parkinsons Disease Essay -- Medicine Health Biology inquiryParkinsons DiseaseParkinsons disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has h ad his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinsons. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstem. Subsequent follow up with the microscope showed a deterioration of the nerve cells in this area. The circuitous relationship between the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia explains many of the symptoms of Parkinsons disease. Today the cause of the disease remains unknown, however, the biochemistry is well documented and recently discovered neurotoxins have us hot on the trail of this disease. Portions of the cerebellum are involved in the control of posture and balance and also modulate voluntary movement. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum interact with the cerebral cortex through a series of feedback circuits. The dentate and interpositus nuclei of the cerebellum project to the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus, which also re ceives projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Recent evidence indicates, however, that none of these projections overlap in the ventral lateral nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus projects to the primary motor and supplementary motor areas of the cerebral cortex. In turn, the motor cortex and other regions of the cerebrum project to the striatum to enter the basal ganglia circuit. Moreover, the motor cortex projects to the pons to enter the cerebellar circuit, includ... ...c hope. Bibliography 1. Barbeau, Andre and Fletcher McDowell L-Dopa and Parkinsonism, (F.A. Davis Company, 1970) 2. Calne, Donald B., Parkinsonism Physiology, Pharmacology and treatment. (Edward Arnold Publishers LTD, 1970) 3. Langston, J. W., MPTP induced Parkinsons syndrome. Science, Vol. 219, No.2, March 1983, 133-140 4. Pleet, A. B., Newly-diagnosed Parkinsons disease a therapeutic update. Geriatrics, Vol. 1, No. 47, January 1992, 24-29 5. Shoushu, Jiao, Long-term correction of rat mo del of Parkinsons disease by gene therapy. Nature, Vol. 362, No. 2, April 1, 1993, 450-453. 6. Langston, J. William, The next frontier Presymptomatic detection. Geriatrics, Aug. 1991 5-7 7. Jenner, P. Clues to the mechanism underlying dopamine cell death in Parkinsons disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. (1989) 22-28