Organisation and the people Essay Example for Free

Organisation and the populate EssayHow does amnesty International persuade the ratifier to take an busy relate in its organisation and the people it answers? You should consider the structure, organisation and layout of material the content of the article and the use of language and linguistic devices. I go away be canvas a double page spread charity advertisement, obtained from a magazine supplement of a Sunday newspaper.Being advertised is Amnesty International a charity organisation, which is working worldwide for the release of prisoners of conscience, fair trials for political prisoners and an fetch up to torture, extra-judicial executions, disappearances and the death penalty. By publishing the advert in a Sunday supplement, it is insured person to seduce a actually wide circulation. Furthermore, people will have leisure time on a Sunday to be fitted to stupefy down and read the whole article, which gives them a chance to become active.If it were printed on a weekday, people would not have had the leisure time to be able read the article and become an active member of Amnesty International. Prudently, this advert has been structured in such a way that it guides the emotional response of the proofreader as they read through the text. The article has been subdivided into four main sections Sallays story the story of Mary Britains view of refugees and how the reader can become active and encourage refugees. The separation of the material into clearly defined blocks of text is very effective, in that it aids the ease and speed of access.Also, by implicating the reader in blame, they be more and more forced to get involved. The first thing you see when you look at the article is the picture of the woman. This picture draws the reader to the article by the various attri thates. Immediately, you be drawn by the shock pointor a picture of a woman who has no hands. In addition, this is an extremely powerful picture, as it is visually emotiv e, which instrument that it plays on the readers emotions and generates the readers sympathy for the woman.After looking at the picture, you read the quote beside it, which personalises the article by giving Sallay an identity this makes the reader ascertain closer to Sallay, and peradventure as if they even know her. The large caption reads DONT LOOK THE OTHER WAY. This is imperative, as it is a command to the reader not to turn away from people like Sallay. It forces them to read the article and take an interest. In the leading paragraph the shock factor is used again to inform the reader of the shocking statistic that, every twenty seconds a refugee is created.This shows the reader how big the refugee problem is, causing the reader to expect to read on, as they want to know how Amnesty International will help so more people. Towards the end of the paragraph, the first person plural pronoun us is used. This is very inclusive and involves us all, symbolising how it is everyon es indebtedness to help refugees. This is whence emphasised by the final sentence in the paragraph Yes, all of us. Sallays story starts off with the phrase, Sallay Goba is a grandmother. This personalises her, as one can I separate with her, as a grandmother.This is because weve all got or had grandmother, so by being a grandmother, we know that Sallays exclusively an ordinary woman. It then goes on to tell of how her aliveness was turned upside down, with a graphic description of the horrific events the murders of her grandchildren, husband, and son-in-law, her attacking, when her hands were brutally severed. The sheer extent of tragedy suffered by Sallay, persuades the reader to take in interest in the people Amnesty International helps, as the reader feels compassion for Sallay.Also, the phrase, It would have been nice to think that if she had managed to reach Britain, we would have helped her, makes us heading whether we would have helped her or not, with the impression given that we probably wouldnt have. This is because of the war crys, It would be nice to think, as they emphasise the fact that she would have probably been rejected by the British presidential term, as the chance of us helping her is quite slim. Furthermore, once again the first person plural pronoun we is used, in order to make us feel that we are responsible to help people like Sallay.In addition, the negative attitude of the West towards refugees increases the readers level of sympathy, making them feel that if the government is not passing play to help them, it is up to us. Political buzz words, such as economic migrants and bogus asylum seekers are also used to show the typical British view of refugees, making them seem to be people who only come to England, in order to make some more money. Again, the imperative is used with the word listen, in order to force the reader to read on, so that Sallay being a victim can be stressed again.The paragraph ends with two very powerf ul rhetorical questions Do you imagine that she enjoyed being driven from her home, alone, penniless and terrified? Did she ask for her hands to be hacked off? These stress the fact that what the government thinks of refugees is completely wrong, as it outlines the fact that refugees do not intentionally bring hardship and suffering upon themselves and that they honestly need our help. Hence, the reader feels that they have a responsibility to help them. The next section in the article is The Story of Marie, an Ordinary Woman.A second story of an individual refugee is used, in order to emphasise how many different ways different refugees suffer. Also, the second story acts as a comparison to the first story, as it shows what happened even when a refugee who suffered such hardship make it to England. The word ordinary is used to stress the fact that she is just like any of us, so we can relate with her. The first sentence is, Marie was a chemist. This illustrates the fact that she used to be normal, as she used to have a professional career, which most people in this country already do, or aspire to do.In addition, the word was outlines the point that Maries life is no longer what it used to be. As she was a chemist, the reader is told that she is an educated woman, who went to University, thus outlining how many of us can separate with her. This fact also breaks down the stereotype that all refugees are poor and uneducated. When describing her story extremely graphic and horrific language and imagery is used When they assaulted Marie, her brothers-in-law intervened and were virgule dead. Five or six soldiers took it in turns to rape Marie. She lost consciousness. This illustrates the sheer brutality of her experience.This is another example of the shock factor, which not only intensifies the readers compassion for the refugees, but also increases their desire to become an active member of Amnesty International. Furthermore, Marie is shown as a victim of the Home Office, who refused her asylum. This proved the point made earlier in Sallays story that we wouldnt have helped her even if she had reached Britain, as we did to Marie, despite all her hardship and suffering. This gives the reader a reason for joining Amnesty International. They can make a change and help refugees like Marie gain asylum in this country.The war on refugees section focuses more on refugees in general rather than just on individuals. This is effective, in that it shows the suffering of refugees as a whole. A lot of emotive language, such as people who have lost everything and suffered unimaginable griefs is used, in order to keep the reader interested in becoming active. In addition, a quote from the public is used Its really tragic, but its nothing to do with us. This shows how people in Great Britain reject refugees, as they feel refugees are not their responsibility. Immediately after the quote comes the phrase, So sorry, but it is. This symbolises how it is our responsibility to help these suffering people. This is then followed by facts, such as, People like Marie have a guaranteed right under the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees to seek refuge in a safe country, if they have a well-founded fear of persecution, which support the fact that refugees should be given asylum in this country. This reassures the reader that if they do join, they are truly fighting for a cause, which is backed up. Rhetorical questions, which are linked to these facts are then used Was Maries fear well-founded, Should the British Government honour this shipment? This further stresses the points that refugees are the victims and they are justified in seeking asylum. The section ends with the syntactic repetition You decide. This is powerful, in that it is giving the reader a choice of whether it a cause worth fighting for or not. Also the word you stresses that its the readers responsibility. This last section leaves the reader with a strong message, creating a powerful impact. This ultimately persuades the reader to become active in terms of giving money to Amnesty International.A very powerful technique used is that of comparing the reader to the refugees, explaining how uncomplete want hardship or suffering Nobody wants to be a refugee, People dont want to be homeless any more than you do they dont want to be tortured, murdered or raped any more than you do. Throughout the final section, the pronoun you is used, which outlines that it is aimed directly at the reader, telling them that they are needed to help Amnesty International, explaining how they can join, and describing what they can achieve with their help.Imperatives are used again, in order to encourage the reader to act, such as the phrase, For heavens sake wake up and help them. In addition, emotive language is used again throughout the final section. The article ends with a personal appeal, which seems to be more of a cite for help. This is very personal and acts on both, the readers emotions and the readers wealth, in order to persuade even the reluctant readers to get involved. The subscription coupon is very conveniently situated at the end of the article.This aids the ease and speed of access for the reader, and as a result they will probably become active, as theirs is no hassle involved if it is placed just placed on the page. To conclude, I personally believe that if I had come across this advert in a Sunday supplement, I would have read it and if I had the means to, I would have become involved. I feel that this article is very effective in persuading the reader to take an active interest in Amnesty International, mainly because of the way that it plays on the emotions of the readers, in order to strongly get across the message of the suffering of refugees.

Computer Systems Essay Example for Free

Computer Systems Essay

That Was Then This Is Now English Literature Essay

That Was wherefore This Is Now incline Literature EssayHinton states that she is a private person who is not comfortable talking close to her in the flesh(predicate) life. She has revealed, however, that she enjoys reading (writing, taking classes at the local university, and horseback riding.She currently resides in Tulsa, Oklahoma with her husband David Inhofe, asoftware engineer,whom she married in the summer of 1970 afterward meeting him in her freshman biology class at college.In August 1983, they became parents to Nicolas David Inhofe, who has worked asound effects recordiston the movieIce duration The Meltdown.Title explanationThe title is That was then , This is now.The title has a lot to do with the content of the bear. all-day sucker, Bryon and their adepts slang much to do with this two times , Then and Now. At the end of the book when Bryon visits denounce in the prison, he uses the words That was then, This is nowPlaceThis theme is set in..(place)This story is set in the USThe US has active 307,212,123 residents (2009).In the US they use the dollar. The president of the US is the famous Barack Obama. The capital of the US is Washington DC.The US alike has a motto In god we trust.TimeI cant find where this story takes place , not even on the internet The time that is cover in the story is.. ( iodin year? two months? one day?). Quote from the book to prove your pointThe time that is covered in this story is about a half year. In the begin of the story passed about 1 month , than you can find in the book i quote From that secondment she could not see him for a couple of months.I think thats about 4 months. Together make 5 months. Thats almost a half year. of import charactersDescribe (at least two of) the main characters.The main characters are Mark and Bryon.Mark ( 16 Year) Hes small and compact, with strange golden eyes and hair to look into and grin likes a garterly lion. Hes also very strong, stronger then you thought he would be. In the story he had no concept of right and wrong. He thought that he did not have to obey the laws because they were just words written down. Mark doesnt change throughout the story, he is always the comparable guy. The same thing as for Bryon counts for Mark. But the difference from being a friend of Mark is that I really dont think that I ever could or would have been his friend. Because his behaviour is so different from mine. I think I never would have met him or talked to him in the first place. Bryon ( 16 year)Bryon is a strong guy.He has dark hair and dark eyes.Bryon is a Street-Gangster , he is in difficult times.He comes in contact with Girls , Drugs and Street-Gangs.Bryon is sick of his Gangster life.He will began a hole new life.He became a very clever teenager.LooksPersonalityDoes the character change in the book? if yes beg off how and whyPlot deliver a summary of no more than 500 wordsMark and Bryon are very good friends. Mark lives next to Bryon, solely when the p arents of Mark killed for each one other when they were both very drunk, Mark goes to live at Bryon and his parents. The mother of Bryon is really sick, she is in the hospital. Mark and Bryon have some problems with the money because they must give birth the surgeries from the mother of Bryon.Bryon and Mark have some difficult times. They have good friends but also enemies. M M is one of those friends Bryon and Mark. ( They give MM that anticipate because he eats a lot of MMs ). Mark and Bryon have to sell the car because they have money problems. On a night Mark , MM and Bryon goes to a Pub . MM proposes for Cathy to Bryon , Bryon was immediately falling in love. Bryon and Cathy have a good time together. There is a dance where Bryon want to go with Cathy but ha didnt have a car. He asks Charlie if he could borrow his car . Bryon and Cathy go together to the event. They have a great time. At one point they hear there is a serious accident happened. To the great alarm at Bryon t here is something wrong with Mark Curtis, a close friend of Bryon shouts that there is something wrong with Mark. Mark must go to the hospital he has 10 stitches , he was hit by a beer bottle. Some time afterward Mark completely refreshed. Mark and Bryon are back together and have a desire to play some pool. They go to the pub (Charlies). There were also a couple of Mexican guys at the pool table. Mark and Bryon losses, but later in the evenin they have more luck and they are winning. The boss of the keep out (Charlie) said that the pub was closing. The Mexicans left the pub. But when Bryon and Mark came out there was a gun in their focus. Charlie had a gun and tried to save Bryon and Mark. Mark and Bryon were relieved but saw those hopes go up in smoke, a Mexican with his gun aimed at Charlie he fired and Charlie died instantly. Later, when Cathy, Bryon, Mark, and M M go out M M would assume not go home and walk away from his friends.M Ms friends are worried, there are a few m onths past. The friends of M M try to find him but they cant. On a day Mark told to Bryon that he knows where M M is. Bryon and Mark go together to the hippie home they see M M. Later they also go with Cathy who can not bear to see her brother so. MM goes bountiful and Bryon calls an ambulance for him. After that Bryon discovers that Mark is dealing drugs. Mark is in prison. Bryon hate him for ever.Favourite partCopy ( = type) your favourite part/ word-painting from the book. And, more importantly, explain WHY you like it so much.Favourite part He laughed then , and his eyes were the golden, hard, flat eyes of a jungle animal. Like a friend once said to me, That was then , this is now. I broke out out in a sweet and was suddenly glad of the walls and the guards and the bars. I think if he could have , Mark would have killed me.This was at the end of the book. I like this part very much because you did not expect this. The good friendship of Bryon and Mark are going broke in this part. Here you get to know that they hate each other. A kind of revelation, always very exciting to read. intrinsic wordsA list of words you really need to know, because they are used a lot. At least 5. Explain their meaning in EnglishStreet gang = A street gang is a group of normally young people about sixteen year. They areOften on the street sometimes they make things break or do other things that are not allowed.Drugs = Drugs is a narcotic agent, many people become devoted to drugs.Dollar = A dollar is a coin unit , they use the dollar in the US.Prison = A building where people imprisoned for their crimes. accept = temporarily without payment of a slightly different usage and the return.My verdictGive your trust on the book. See instructions on how to write a good verdictIntroduction This is my verdict. In the next paragraphs you can read why i like/dont like this book.I hope you enjoy.Paragraph 1I like this book very much .Its an exciting book , i like that. It is constantly going on , with this book you dont get bored. I read the book very fast . Because its very exciting the hole time.Paragraph 2The book is quite credible. Something happened in real life, just not very often. In the book they use weapons. In most countries they have a gun ban. But that makes it original.Paragraph 3I think the book is very original because its not really a happy ending. In the majority of the book is generally well off, thats not the case in this book. findingAll my three paragraphs are positive , so thats a easy conclusion I like the book very much . Especially because its a very exciting book.Optional assignmentChoose an assignment from the list. Really making an effort is important here.Extra assignmentsMake a gulp ( cipher)/ collage of the main character. Write down what you think of this person. (at least 100 words)Write an interview with one of the characters in the book (at least 25 stretch out questions, which means that you cannot answer with a simple yes o r no include the answers in your interview)Draw a detailed map of the area in which the story is set.Write a letter to one of the characters in the book, and let the character write a letter back.Write a review for a snip use at least 150 words.Make a small site about the book.Draw a comic about a scene from the book, and make sure that you include textThink of a different ending for the book and write it. In the style of the book, of courseWrite a part of the diary of one of the characters in the book (at least 3 entries)Make little files on 3 of the characters in the book. A little picture and detailed information should be included.Do you have another suggestion?Tell your teacherHow to write a good verdictHow to express your opinion about a book.Teachers dont like it when you say you liked the book, because it was nice, or when you say something like I hated that book, because it was stupid. It may all be true, but we like to hear more from you. It may be difficult to pick out e xactly what it was that irritated you, or what kept you reading for hours on end. So here is a list of things that might be helpful to express your likes or dislikes about the book you just readThink about what in reality happened in the bookThink about the characters in the bookThink about the structure of the bookThink about the language that was used in the bookProfessional critics do roughly the same thingThey come up with arguments aboutthe structure of the story,the credibility (=geloofwaardigheid) andthe ethical (right and wrong) aspects of the book.They talk about whether it is an original,whether it brings about certain emotions,whether the author manages to reach the goals he set himself and finally,they comment on the style used by the author.VERDICTWrite an English essay in which you express your opinion about the book you have read. Your essay should consist of an introduction, 3 paragraphs that give your arguments (supported by examples from the book) and a conclusion .Taken from Metropool, literatuur voor HAVO/VWO bovenbouw, basisboek, published by Wolters Noordhoff Groningen, alter by Corrie Joosten, Elout Roeland, first published in 1999. ISBN 90 01 20565 8

Technology In The Hospitality Industry

Technology In The Hospitality IndustryIntroductionThis document explains the technological change which has happened in hospitality attention and in particular hotel assiduity. The carry on of information technology in hotels is quite signifi drive outt. It has not simply given muckle completeledge as what to seek when flavor for a hotel unless similarly a whole preview as what is available in the market.This whole revolution of information technology has changed both the industry and the consumer. Industry has to become more transparent and competitive in order to satisfy customer needs. One needs to keep in mind the gigantic variability of the technology rather than assume its determining powers. (Poster, 1995) nurture technology is an inevi dodge part of any organisations functionality. If an organisation seeks to progress in industry then(prenominal) it has to be competitive and up to date in its technological needs. In a world wide technology survey (Hensdill, 1998), hoteliers and other consultants explained how the hotel industry lagged further about more behind in terms of automation than other industries.This document ordain explain what has changed hotel industry from technological perspective and what the demands of consumers are in government agency mod era.1.1 Claridges HotelClaridges hotel is situated in Mayfair, in the heart of Londons west end just a few minutes walk from the shops and boutiques of Bond highroad, South Molton Street and Oxford Street. It has 203 rooms including 67 suites. The Reading Room restaurant and The Foyer Designed by Thierry Despont. The Fumoir The intimate, back enddlelit bar is a push, sophisticated place to enjoy cocktail. Claridges Bar knowing by David Collins plays host to Londons movers and shakers. (www.claridges.co.uk)The most important change in recent times is Gordon Ramsay at Claridges restaurant head by Head chef Steve Allen. It offers finest eat in London, celebrating flavourful combin ations of the freshest ingredients which is excogitateed by Thierry Despont it is sumptuous and elegant, moreover intimate. (www.claridges.co.uk)Claridges hotel has always been considered as living in red-brick era but truly famed in royalty and celebrities for its iconic image. But in recent years there have been legion(predicate) changes which has mixed modernism and post modernism in Claridges and this is why author thinks it is the best example to show how information technology has had its imp cultivate on Claridges.1.2 Claridges Hotel WebsiteClaridges website suffers forwardness to both its customers and partners in order to book hotel rooms, table at restaurant or for afternoon tea. Online presence of Claridges hotel is one of the main examples of post modern era. Now any type of customers can just go online and book room for them. Two or three years ago trying to find hospitality IT vendor with an e-mail address, never mind a website, were an almost futile search (Fr ew, 2000). There were many hotels which were still on the old phone/agent booking remains. Now agents have live database in which they can see when to book and Claridges gets these bookings automatically.Dr. Martin Peacock argues that the systems currently being implemented in the hospitality industry emphasise the subdueling side of technology they provide performance measures they work to restrict the options of both line managers and staff. As he suggests as well that this to be the cause for the irrelevance of management.1.3 Gordon Ramsay at Claridges Restaurantfamous someone Chef Gordon Ramsay has his own restaurant in Claridges which is headed by Chef Steve Allen. In todays technology revolutionised era, it is very important to have someone famous to boost the brand. Most of the people know Gordon Ramsay through TV, newspaper and media and having his name with Claridges is key to enhance its brand name. People not just take it as a typical hotel but similarly a place to spend afternoon and dine out. According to Cline (2002) Hospitality ebusiness is destined to play an increasingly significant role and will have intricate impact on the way hospitality business is conducted in the future.Literature2.1 Research MethodsThere are various ways to perform look into in order to understand technological requirements and changes in Claridges hotel. Dr. Martin Peacock has laid down three fundamental rules in order to choose and research on plectrum proof. First, he suggested that it should be of interest of the author, secondly the fulfilment of the criteria of sufficient secondary data which is deemed practical. Finally, a possibility of primary data being available so that center field reasons and suggestions can be presented in shape of an argument. This primary data can either be collected by talking to choice establishment or its customers.2.1.1 ObservationsIn order to understand and feel technological changes in Claridges, author visited the hote l himself and had afternoon tea in the hotel. Author also visited Gordon Ramsay restaurant and dictum their seating plan and menu for customers and also understood how customers are being booked at the restaurant. Author also visited halls and visited bedrooms to understand and feel the same which a customer feels. Author understood that online customer booking facility is quite famous among customers due to ever ever-changing consumer demands and post modern era. Claridges also provides online facility to its partner companies/agents to book for rooms/restaurants.2.1.2 InterviewsOne of the primary research techniques is to interview the owner or people working in the choice establishment. It is also very important to take interview from customers so that proper analyses can be done. Author tried to book interview with IT staff of Claridges hotel but the concerned person in IT department was not available. So author has relied mainly on observations and secondary data.2.1.3 Online SourcesMain online sources used are hospitality journals available online, website of Dr. Martin Peacock, Claridges website and google search.2.2 LimitationsIt was not possible to conduct survey with customers as Claridges does not allow external person to conduct any questionnaire survey with its customers without prior permission from higher management. It was not also possible to take interview with staff of claridges who can give insight about Claridges IT performance except few observational meetings with receptionist just to understand the functionality of grassroots information systems.Impact of Technological InnovationTechnology has often been used as an instrument of control and the term itself has a link with the use of tools to control inanimate objects. Possibly the best illustration of the use of technology to control people is Zuboffs (1988) example of Benthams Panopticon. Here a prison is designed with chicken feed walls and corridors emit out like spokes from a wh eel. The concept is that these corridors can be controlled by one guard situated at the centre of the wheel. The technology (in this case glass walls, a rotating chair and innovative design) is used to control the inmates. This is not an image totally distant from modern information systems within touristry and hospitality. (Chapter in Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (edited by D.Fesenmaier), Springer, Wien, 2000)(Cultural tourism ingathering emphasising on information and infrastructure, by Daniela Freund De Klumbis Wil Munster in Developments in the hotel industry Design meets Historic Properties) field (significance of under ANOVA 0.000). Hotels had 68.6% in the en thenceiastic user category, whilst restaurants could only count 41.9% in this group. (Martin Peacock, 1994)Modern information systems privilege a vision of technology which has well-nigh links with Benthams glass prison. In the NEDC working party report on competitiveness in tourism (1992), TG I Fridays use of technology to provide control and observe systems, is listed under Case Studies Best Practices. The same report also praises McDonalds use of systems. Baker et al (1998) suggested that the EPOS system developed for Bass Taverns removed the uncertainties of working(a) fraud and the black economy for public house managers. (Chapter in Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (edited by D.Fesenmaier), Springer, Wien, 2000)This systematic standardisation of the hospitality proceeds provoked a counter-movement inspired by consumers searching for hotels with grotesque or sophisticated and innovative characteristics, called boutique, design or modus vivendi hotels. In the beginning of the 80s of the stretch out century the term boutique hotel swept through the market and was used to describe unique 50-100 rooms properties, non grasp-operated, with attention to fine detail and individual medal in European or Asian influenced furnishings (literally a bout ique as opposed to a department store). Sophistication and innovation explain the growth of the design and lifestyle hotel niches. In order to employ a generic term for these new niches, we will refer hereafter to the boutique, design and lifestyle concepts with the term lifestyle hotels.Being self-sufficing enterprises, lifestyle hotels join voluntary groups (membership affiliations, consortia) in order to benefit from the advantages of chains especially global selling and promotion services, common packages and internationalistic taciturnity systems without having the disadvantages of chain box hotels like absence of management autonomy, architectural uniformity and standardized operational procedures (Yu, 1996 Andrew, 2001). Examples of these voluntary groups are marketing and sales reservation networks (e.g. SRS World Hotels) and free alliances.The confrontation of box and lifestyle hotels by means of Kotlers produce directs shows clear differences between both concepts . On the core and facilitating product aims, box hotel companies present savings in building and staff costs due to the standards of performance as a major advantage to the hotel operator. In the marketing policy, the uniformity of the concept and the strong recognition of the brand are used to influence the consumers choice. Commoditization generates, within conventional elements, a feeling of security and familiarity. For the widely-travelled tourist, however, the stay in a box hotel turns into alienation and anonymity. Many of them share the experience of awaking in a hotel room while asking oneself Where am I now? This contradict guest experience, caused by impersonality, predictability and boredom, has led to an important loss of clients and turnover with box hotel companies. Table below shows us, by means of a confrontation matrix, the hotel guests main differences in choice criteria (Naber, 2002).BOX HOTELS LIFE STYLE HOTELSDemands quality guaranteeExpects quality given the high quality level of lifestyle hotelsMinimum standardsExceeding standardsNo annoying surprisesSurprise-adventure-historyExperiences are sought distant the hotelThe hotel stay is an experience in itselfRecognition of the productRecognition as a guestTo feel at home by means of the hardwareTo feel at home by means of the blue-bloodedwareReliable unique selling propositionsReally unique selling propositionsFamiliar with the brand imageSearch for a specific identity(By Daniela Freund De Klumbis Wil Munster in Developments in the hotel industry Design meets Historic Properties)What is key instalment to drive todays hospitality industry?Information technology is the key component which is driving hospitality industry. It has already revolutionised hospitality industry in post modern era and now it is driving it as major decisions are being taken and are based on Information systems provided by IT.Claims of overall increases in productivity caused by increasing use of information technology are difficult to justify empirically both at the local and the global level. US improvements in productivity can be linked straightway to computer manufacturing (Anonymous, 1999) with productivity growth in other sectors stalled or falling. Landauer (1995) reported Roachs findings that information workers in the US (1960-87) had seen no increase in productivity.Martin Peacock and Humphery Shaw, (1996) Bytes and Bias suggests in this paper that the specific issue of the attitudes to new technology in the hospitality industry. Yet, outside the specific question of the industry, society too illustrates very ambivalent attitudes to new technology. One of the best illustrations of this is the Unabomber debate. The Unabomber is an American mail bomber who has attacked pro-technology targets (principally academics) over the last 18 years. Last year his manifesto was published in the Washington Post and other American publications (Anonymous, 1995).Technological change defines the horizon of our material world as it shapes the limiting conditions of what is possible and what is barely imaginable. It erodes taken-for-granted assumptions about the nature of our reality, the pattern in which we dwell, and lays open new choices. (Zuboff, 1988) current technologies do not spell the end of traditional technologies. The synthesiser has not replaced the piano. Each has their traditional and contemporary roles to fulfil. However, the advent of the synthesiser has effected the way in which we see and use the piano. It is something different to what it was. (Biggs, 1991)Tiles Oberdiek suggests in 1995 that modern technologies in short, behave like ecosystems. When we intervene here, unexpected consequences pop up there.As Tiles Oberdiek suggests in 1995 that on the other hand there are people who have become deeply pessimistic as a result of observing the path of so called technical progress. As they see it, we are funnily impotent in the face of, indeed are ens laved by, a pervasive technology that, ironically, we ourselves have made.Belonging to the primary tourism enterprises, the hospitality industry is an requisite component of the cultural tourism product. Hospitality products need to fulfil customers needs on several levels (Kotler, 2003)(a) The core product answers the basic question what is the buyer authentically buying? It refers basically to the benefits provided by the hotel to the consumer and not the features, e.g. room comfort and convenient location.(b) Facilitating products are those services or goods that must be present for the guests to use the core product, e.g. bellboy in a luxury hotel.(c) Supporting products are extra products offered to add value to the core product and help to position it through differentiation from the competitors, e.g. full-service health spa.(d) The augmented product includes atmosphere and customers interaction with the service organization and each other, e.g. lobby socializing. The augme nted product is an important concept because it is in this level were the main differences arise between the various hospitality concepts, e.g. atmosphere created by focus on lightning, marriage of textures and colours to please the senses.How Technology works in Claridges?The expansion of the international hotel chains, in their vast majority, was accompanied and made possible by a process of standardisation and commoditization. Technological innovation has had huge impact on this expansion. Research data, which hotel chains keep and also have track record of ever changing customer needs is really important in order to expand the hotel chain as well as keeping an iconic image in the market. Claridges hotel has uniqueness which is to keep itself as one and only one hotel. It is part of group of hotels which is called Maybourne Hotel Group who has three big hotels (Claridges, Connaught, The Berkeley) in their portfolio and few other hotels internationally.Customers like to book onlin e using Claridges website. Travel professionals in tourism industry also have online access available through website where they can make bookings on behalf of their customers. Booking online provides facility to customers to request anything extra they want to the hotel and that will fulfilled. Due to recent trend in technology and use of internet has changed the old perspective of booking via phone. A customer can book anyplace while sitting in airport or in a cab and as soon as they arrive at the hotel, everything is ready for them.It is very important to show in this document what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which are being faced by Claridges. This analysis shows this data using SWOT technique which can be applied to other life style hotels as well and will give sufficient information in order to take the needed decisions.SWOT Analysis of the Claridges hotelStrengths WeaknessesWell-defined concepts with an unique identity and a modern character, ta king into account the four levels of the hospitality product.Need to re-adapt constantly to the fast changing market demands.Diversity in guest experience. In some cases, hotel becomes the cultural tearion in itselfLarger hotels groups cause lifestyle-fatigue through over-brandingLow costs of soft branded distribution by the sharing of costs of distribution, technology and purchasingLow profitability as compared to box hotelsAutonomous control over trading operations by the hotel itself, allowing the personal expression of passion for hospitalityHigh maintenance and staffing costsOpportunities ThreatsEmergence of new soft brand distribution models organization of independent hotels (e.g. Design Hotels Resorts)Global chains dominate supply through acquisition and development. They practise brand management across multiple brands (economies of scale)Design is meet an piece adopted by the various hospitality products (e.g. Accors backpackers concept Base)Emergence of low service s tylised concepts or imitatorsCreate programs that allow customers to spend all their bullionAggressive down-pricing by box hotel chains to retain market shareNeeds and wants of the post-modern consumer quality tourism, traditional hospitality, personal climb up, sustainable hotels, the brand as a self image, diversity of experiencesFamiliar with travelling, nowadays consumers expect value and quality for their money.Effective use of Customer-Relationship-Management databases and customer-choice-modelling experiments can allow hospitality establishments to personalize products and services thus increasing satisfaction, retention and loyalty.Good informed and critical consumersUse of co-branding synergies with other lifestyle brands as the tryst to an existing Claridges brand name enables a tender transfer of the hospitality product values and contents to the client (e.g. Gordon Ramsay at Claridges Restaurant)Because of the unpredictable buying behaviour of the post-modern consume r, brand loyalty is difficult to achieve. Many consumers can no longer be easily segmented on the basis of education, income, social class and geographic origin.Utilisation of opinion leaders in the segment addressed and of the power of famous influencers (e.g. Famous hotel for George Clooney when he is in London)The consumer is wary to media, makes his choices and can hardly be influenced.ICT solutions for one-to-one marketingHigh cost level of ICT-investmentsDevelopment of websites that convey the types of pleasurable experiences promised by the hotel and ensure pleasant browsing experiencesHigh complexity of the global distribution modelConclusionsBy using the research methods and proper use of literature, it is quite apparent that technological innovation is inevitable and in hospitality, any establishment who does not believe in this will be out of the industry in no time. It is and will always be the case of being more innovative and creative in information technology and more strategic decisions are being taken by using proper IT research methods. It is imperative to keep up to date information systems in place if to succeed in the market is the goal. In future, it will not only the case of looking good and be more hospitalise but also to use core hospitality techniques along with good knowledge of customer needs. This knowledge can only be gained if proper information system is in place.Author believes that customer should have the power to customise the facility according to his/her needs. Hotel should accommodate customer and help him/her to customise as per requirement. This can only be done if hotel has sufficient information available which covers all expected and legitimate needs of any customer.Cline (2002) as well as Peacock (1995) layer out the industrys slow and measured approach to IT and to innovation generally. But as the sophistication of technology increases (e.g. Fisk, 1999) it was suggested that a more organic or humanistic approach t o IT is needed to make the technology more useable to the organisation, employees and customers. Effective innovation appears more at the operative level, at the point of sale. Creative problem solving, product remodelling, and effective marketing have been encouraged by technological change in other industries. New modes of service delivery have grown directly from the potential of new software (Barras, 1990). It is the imaginative coupling of new technology with new services and new modes of organisation which represents its real potential. (Martin Peacock Humphery Shaw, (1996) Bytes and Bias)Competition is rumbustious on the international hotel market and imitation of successful concepts is a proven method to attract new target groups. So it is no wonder that many of the ingredients which contribute to the lifestyle hotel experience, have been adopted by box hotels. Glocalisation, the combination of globalisation and localisation, has been introduced as a leading principle in m arketing policies of chain hotels. In promotional campaigns of box hotels, the role of local culture as component of the hospitality product is highlighted by means of slogans like Think locally, act globally (Hilton Hotels) and International standards, local flavours (Claridges). While ten years ago design and style were unique selling propositions, nowadays they are minimum requirements to attract the sybaritic post-modern guest. Large hotel groups are even causing lifestyle-fatigue through over-branding and, at the same time, the number of low service stylish concepts is increasing with design becoming an element adopted by various hospitality products, e.g. Base, the backpacker concept of the Accor group.In this competitive struggle, the cornerstone of success for the lifestyle hotel product will be to pursue to satisfy the fast changing needs and wants of the post-modern consumer by offering an inimitable individuality and a full-balanced hospitality experience. The effective u se of customer-relationship-management databases and one-to-one marketing actions has to be strengthened in order to be able to personalize products and services, thus increasing satisfaction, retention and loyalty. The quality of the staff will continue to be a key success issue because the lifestyle traveller seeks more than advice or recommendations. Hotel employees should not only be trained to manage the information exchange, but also be required to match guests to experiences. To perform such a consultancy task, they are expected to be informed about the hospitality product itself as well as its cultural environment (Freund, 2002). Furthermore, hospitality employees will be required to possess commercial skills based primarily on making the most out of each customer transaction by creating experiential programs that push the guest to spend the greater part of their money at the hotel.It should be sight in this respect that consumers see food, accommodation and culture merely as elements of a greater whole relating to a total experience. Because of this, a relevant hazard for lifestyle hotels, from a marketing perspective, consists in co-branding the property with a leading brand outside the tourism industry, e.g. fashion designers, retail companies, lifestyle brands. As the allocation to an existing brand name enables a quick transfer of the product values and contents to the client, co-branded hotels (e.g. Cerrutti, Armani and Bulgari Hotels) have a competitive edge in lancinate the market. However, co-branding in the hospitality industry requires a profound evaluation of both brand partners strengths and weaknesses, a strategy for the long term co-operation and, above all, a judicious implementation.ReferencesFreund de Klumbis, D. (2002), Seeking the ultimate hotel experience, paper originally presented at the XIIe International Leisure and Tourism Symposium ESADE-Fira de Barcelona, Barcelona, April 2002, and published in Gestin en H, No. 11, May-J une 2003, pp. 58-76.Naber, T. (2002), Chain or independent box hotel or boutique hotel? lecture given at the Eurhodip Conference 2002 Hospitality Management in Europe Moving into a New Dimension, Maastricht, May 2002.Andrew, G. (2001), Evolution of tourist offers the importance of an individual hotel experience in an independent hotel chain, lecture given at the Eurhodip Conference 2001 The Hotel and Catering Trades for Employment and frugal Development in Europe, Venice, November 2001.Peacock, M., Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry, Cassell, London, 1995Smith, T., Does Technology Drive History, The MIT Press, London, 1994OConnor, Peter Using computers in Hospitality, Cassel, 1996.Bytes and Bias Technophilia in technology writing, (refereed meeting paper for Hospitality Information Technology Association Worldwide Conference, 1996).Ms. Rita Fernandas (2010) observations during meetings held with Ms. Fernandas, a receptionist at Claridges hotel.Online Sourceswww.cl aridges.co.ukhttp//www.maybourne.com/page.aspx?id=4458http//www.maybourne.com/uploadedFiles/Claridges/About_the_hotel/Claridges_London_English.pdfhttp//www.maybourne.com/uploadedFiles/Maybourne/Supplementary_Navigation/Travel_professionals/Downloads/Group_Guarantee_UK.pdfhttp//www.avlk87.dsl.pipex.com/martin/hospital.htm , (Hospitality managers who love computers too little?) by Dr. Martin Peacock

Planning a Health Promotion Campaign

Planning a Health Promotion CampaignPlanning a wellness advancement carryNow that you confound tryn the community health nurses enough schooling on health progression, plan a health progression campaign they can be implement in their local communities.Scenario 2 Nutrition education in schoolsYou want to introduce better nutrition education into any schools in your district, possibly followed by a more general Health Promoting Schools project. How depart you do this? Who do you think the key stakeholders would be? What would you do with the schools and the communities themselves? How will you evaluate the project?AC 4.1 Plan of a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives (4.1). Your plan should show a critical reflection factor on the proposed activities to identify potential challenges and formulate appropriate solutions (D1) more(prenominal) Fresh Air Nutrition Health Promotion CampaignForm a channelize committee comprised of key stakeholdersCommunity Nursi ng Team Schools Liaison OfficerCommunity Nursing Team Dietitian territory School DirectorDistrict School Inclusive OfficerMaximum three head t all(prenominal)ers from pilot schools who champion the general Health Promoting Schools initially2 Pupil Rep from each these three schools both genders from each school and all six should reflect various ethnic groups as much as possibleConcept of the More Fresh AirProgramme Eating and Health are somewhat overused and children are becoming jaded with the constant eating for health approach. Decided to rent a fresh and innovative course of instruction title to catch our targets audiences attention.Leaving winter bottom and entering the Spring season, and Summer not far behind the idea behind, this create mentally offers an inclusive approach where to enjoy the best of fresh air bodies must be fuelled by nutritious nutrition.Intended OutcomesAn increase in nutritious eating through a nutrition education programme fronted by a concept of enjoying activities outdoors.Communities will be made aware of the programme and encouraged to find a specific programme.Have a itinerary to measure the success, or otherwise, of the programme using a short questionnaire for exampleActivities later school pub-like quiz on the types of fare the body needs to be fully active and alert during school and after school. general knowledge to vex and then specific for a district wide competition prize from a local farmers market.Subtraction exercises what would the body be able to do without protein? for example. Answers would request research into what protein does for the body. In this way cover the six food groups over the course of a hebdomad, during afternoon sessions, which would of course be agreed with the head instructor and the teaching management teamMonday morning during assembly introduce the More Fresh Air programme. Parents could be invited to attendIn an hour session sooner the end of the school day which, weather permitting will allow for outdoor activities i.e. upper body exercises, to be included in the sessionMeats and OilsParents unable to attend Monday mornings assembly attend a Tuesday parent-only assembly so they can be informed about the programmeTuesday afternoon included lower body exercisesFruits give fruits at end of sessionWednesday afternoon include Circuit TrainingCommunity invited tho training separate to that of the childrenDiary check for allergies first and have a prepared alternative at end of sessionThursday afternoon include a game of Rounders and invite parents to participate and/or paleVegetables give raw edible vegetables at the end of the sessionFriday afternoon include a number of outdoor games to achieve maximum participation, such as relay games and tug-of-warGrains/Nuts check for nut allergies first and possible provide grains as opposed to nuts at the end of the sessionIn the supplying special educational needs will be considered and factored into the pr ogramme for complete inclusivityWorking with stakeholders from inception will block the challenges which arise when stakeholders are not consulted in the initial stages of a programme, such as this health promotional campaign. All involved should be clear that the intended outcome is a more effectual nutritional education programme, so that parents and children can feel that the health improving actions, taken by them, are the ones they have chosen for themselves based on the information provided in a non-judgemental manner. The process for evaluating this programme is considered below.AC 4.2 An explanation of how the health promotion campaign emboldens health promotion strategiesIrrespective of age, one sure way of getting people to follow you is to educate them with the knowledge you know they should have, and them empower them to make the right finale which, if your strategies are effective, will be the same decision you would have made on their behalf, had you imposed a beha vioural health promotion strategies, for example. The More Fresh Air campaign is to alert parents and children to the overall realise of nutritious meals, through a nutritional programme. Considering the promotional plan it can be seen that purpose of each food group, for the functioning of the body, will be explained and explored. Linking the esteem of nutritious food to animal(prenominal) act will prove more advantageous, than simply telling children that healthy food is good for them. Understanding how nutritious food helps them to function physically, will offer an association between what they eat and what they do. Ensuring that all the children can participate, in the fresh air, in one physical activity with ensuring a strengthener of knowledge, through the actual understanding pursued in a physical activity.A pub-like quiz for those children who are not inclined to be physically active, when left to their own devices, serves to validate the More Fresh Air Campaign when t he quiz is conducted outside. In this way, the outside does not become the domain of the sporty children, but becomes, rather, a shared space for mentally activity too, which in itself requires healthy nourishment for the nourishment of brain cells. Overall, food is necessary to fuel both physical and mental activity, and in this way children and parents are educated not to simply associate food with weight issues per se, although the education will support the empowerment of a behavioural pattern which will be reflected in weight appropriate to height and structure thus killing two birds with one stone -improvement in healthy eating and a decrease in levels of obesity. The reduction in the level of obesity falls under the remit of the national health promotion strategies Fit4Life, and the health promotional models of education and empowerment will assist in pupils benefiting from this health promotional strategy.In preparing to plan for the introduction of better nutrition educatio n in schools, assessing health needs were essential, as health needs not only differ across the district funded schools, but within schools as well. oration with and asking for advice from the senior management team ensured that specific needs were not overlooked in any school. Not wishing to disrupt the school timetable, this health promotion was incorporated into the school routine, in the main, with the community being invited to participate in circuit training, if they were medically able to do so, and parents and carers being encouraged to support the educational programme on nutrition by attending either the school assembly, or the specific parent assembly.Working with those who knew the both the pupils and their parents, it was possible to avoid any religious or cultural slights by being made aware of festivals and cultural practices. Hence, the programme was planned for the week before Easter, and not the week before the Whitsun bank holiday as we did not wish to exclude th e Muslim pupils who would be fasting in observance of Ramadan.Legislation was taken into consideration, as the safety of pupils was paramount. All outside contractors, such as those from the farms responsible for the fruit and vegetable 5-day display, were vetted and underwent DBS checks, if they had not done so before, in line with the Keeping Children and Families adept Act of 2003. A risk assessment, particular with respect to the outdoor activities involving parents too, was undertaken in keeping with the Health and safe(p)ty at Work etc Act 1974. As raze before, plans included how to ensure that the programme was accessible to pupils with special educational needs, and parents with any form of physical disability, in line with the Disability Discrimination Act 2005.In the planning a framework for evaluation was also factored in as it necessary to see what works and what does not work, if we wish to replicate this health promotion campaign again. Efficiency, effectiveness and economy were pointers in the framework. All public health campaigns resourced by public funds have to indorse value for money, and thus in the calculation we considered the cost to the NHS should the levels of obesity rise in the next two years. Naturally if obesity levels in pupils did not rise, then the difference between the careful amount, should it rise, and the amount of money spent on this campaign highlighted how much the NHS would save in not having to treat a new cohort of obese pupils this would demonstrate the value for money aspect of the campaign. The efficiency and the effectiveness of the campaign would also be reflected in the money that would not have to be spent on addressing the issue of a new cohort of obese children.Further, in the planning the SMART acronym was included for the evaluation of the programme from beginning to end, considering our target audience, the goals and objectives we set for programme and the pupils. The possible outcomes/goals were sub jected to an examination to ascertain if they were Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and TimelySmart goals well defined such that the youngest pupil could understand the intended outcomePupil agreeable positively with food and making healthy choice selections at lunch using food to fuel an agreed physical or mental activityMeasurable include parameters to ascertain if goal has been achievedLevels of improvement which can be checked by a member of staff personal goal of hurry faster between two fixed points (physical) or memorising specific quotes or passages from a set book with increasing difficultyAchievable challenging, but hardheaded goal for those participatingGradually increasing speed or number of quotes memorises each weekRelevant all goals consistent with each other in order to achieve long term goalPupils will be empowered by the knowledge of how food fuels the body to make healthy food choices when selecting because they wish for their body to operate at opti mum levelTimely have a time frame in which it can be observed if goal achieved or notFitness level or rendition ability would have improved by the end of the school year, as the reinforcement of a physical fit body or being mentally agile is fuelled by healthy food selection.In conclusion, whether pupils are aiming for physical or mental fitness the concept of acquiring more fresh air could have a beneficial effect on both sub-groups of pupils, since being in the same spatial environment could encourage the pupils to explore the other benefit of selecting healthy food to fuel the body.ReferenceDisablity Discrimation Act 2005 Available online athttps//www.gov.uk/ judicature/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228870/9780108508066.pdf accessed 27/02/2017Health and Safety At Work ect Act 1974 Available online athttp//www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm accessed 27/02/2017Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 Available online athttps//www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/108 /s342 accessed 27/02/2017SMART example Available online athttp//urban-athletes.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/SMART-Goals.jpgaccessed 27/02/2017

eBay’s Globalization Strategy Essays -- Business Management Studies

eBays Globalization StrategyeBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar and Jeff Skoll in May 1996. Their supply were in San Jose, California in the midst of the dot-comera. The company idea initially began as Auction Web, which Omidyarlaunched in September 1995. The idea was to develop an sluttish marketplace that was available for all members of the community to discuss,compare, and trade computer items as well as collectibles. The ideatook off, reaching thousands of registered users in just a few years. By January 1997, AuctionWeb could not handle the large load of pageviews bandwidth. Omidyar solved this problem by writing the codefor a new organization ebay (Echo Bay Technologies). In September 1997, AuctionWeb was shut down and the eBay platform was opened. The ebaycompany vision To create the worlds largest global tradingcommunity and to serve well people trade practically anything on earth.eBay had 2.4 M visitors in 8/98, quadrupling in size to 8.4 M visitorsin 4/01. Listings on th eir spot began at 500 in 1998 and grew to justunder 5 M in 2001. What started out as an auction site for computerand collectible items develop to include toys, pottery, automobiles,furniture, to movies, etc. Omidyar and Skoll achieved their, tradeanything goal much sooner than expected.In 1998, eBay went public. Given the sufficient number of fundsreceived from the IPO, eBay launched strategic initiatives aimed at sixsome specific objectives.1) Grow the eBay community and strengthen the brand (attract and maintain vitality)2) Broaden the companys trading platform by growing existing fruit categories, promoting new product categories, and offering services for specific regions3) Fost... ...ever, the2004 estimates are more closely aligned with 2003 Actuals. Thissuggests that population growth was not as high as expected. Therefore, our projections took that into consideration and usageexpectations were decreased. 7------------------------------------------------------------- --------1 Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, Thompson and Strickland, 12th Edition, P. C-2632 Strategic marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 973 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 894 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 965 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 1036 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 1017 Population Reference Bureau, http//www.prb.org/

Georger Washington Essay -- Presidents England Farms Papers

George working capitalThe king of England, George III, was fond of farming. His dearie diversion was to ride approximately his lands, chatting with the tenants about the crops. Farmer George, he c alled himself. His arch-opponent, George Washington, had the same fondness for farming. He too enjoyed riding about his lands and talking about the crops. then there was nothing else he enjoyed kind of so much. But there the likeness ceased. And among the many other matters that differentiated George Washington from George III, none was more impinging than his greater dignity and reserve. George Washington would neer have taken the liberty of calling himself farmer George, nor would he have allowed anyone else to do so. Even his close friends took cautiousness to keep their distance, and those who forgot to were apt to be brought up sharp.A familiar anecdote, through perhaps apocryphal, well illustrates Washingtons customary posture toward himself and toward others. During the meeti ng of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia a group of Washingtons friends were remarking on his extraordinarily reserved and remote manner, even among his most intimate acquaintances. Gouverneur Morris, who was always full of boldness and wit, had the nerve to disagree. He could be as familiar with Washington, he said, as with any of his other friends. Alexander Hamilton called his bluff by offering to provide a supper and wine for a twelve of them if Morris would, at the next reception Washington gave, simply walk up to him, gently slap him on the shoulder, and say, My dear General, how happy I am to divulge you look so well. On the appointive evening a substantial number were already present when Morris arrived, walked up to Washington, bowed, shook hands, an... ...im in the election that wondrous Jefferson to the presidency. But he need not have feared. The republic did survive and long preserved the aloofness from foreign quarrels that he had prescribed for it. His approve survived with it, and posterity has preserved his image in all the aloofness that he prescribed for himself. Although the mass of citizens have learned to look upon most of their other historical heroes with an crank familiarity, they have not presumed to do so with Washington. The good judgment that he was sure they possessed has prevented a posthumous repetition of the folly perpetrated by Gouverneur Morris. Americans honor the father of their country from a regardful distance. And that is surely the way Washington would have wanted it.--from Edmund S. Morgan, The Meaning of Independence (Charlottesville University Press of Virginia, 1976) Georger Washington Essay -- Presidents England Farms PapersGeorge WashingtonThe king of England, George III, was fond of farming. His favorite diversion was to ride about his lands, chatting with the tenants about the crops. Farmer George, he called himself. His arch-opponent, George Washington, had the same fondness f or farming. He too enjoyed riding about his lands and talking about the crops. Indeed there was nothing else he enjoyed quite so much. But there the likeness ceased. And among the many other matters that differentiated George Washington from George III, none was more striking than his greater dignity and reserve. George Washington would never have taken the liberty of calling himself farmer George, nor would he have allowed anyone else to do so. Even his close friends took care to keep their distance, and those who forgot to were apt to be brought up sharp.A familiar anecdote, through perhaps apocryphal, well illustrates Washingtons customary posture toward himself and toward others. During the meeting of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia a group of Washingtons friends were remarking on his extraordinarily reserved and remote manner, even among his most intimate acquaintances. Gouverneur Morris, who was always full of boldness and wit, had the nerve to disagree. He could be as familiar with Washington, he said, as with any of his other friends. Alexander Hamilton called his bluff by offering to provide a supper and wine for a dozen of them if Morris would, at the next reception Washington gave, simply walk up to him, gently slap him on the shoulder, and say, My dear General, how happy I am to see you look so well. On the appointed evening a substantial number were already present when Morris arrived, walked up to Washington, bowed, shook hands, an... ...im in the election that elevated Jefferson to the presidency. But he need not have feared. The republic did survive and long preserved the aloofness from foreign quarrels that he had prescribed for it. His honor survived with it, and posterity has preserved his image in all the aloofness that he prescribed for himself. Although the mass of citizens have learned to look upon most of their other historical heroes with an affectionate familiarity, they have not presumed to do so with Washington. The g ood judgment that he was sure they possessed has prevented a posthumous repetition of the folly perpetrated by Gouverneur Morris. Americans honor the father of their country from a respectful distance. And that is surely the way Washington would have wanted it.--from Edmund S. Morgan, The Meaning of Independence (Charlottesville University Press of Virginia, 1976)