A Scourge of the Present Noncommunicable Diseases

Question: Describe about the Non-communicable diseases. Answer: Introduction Non-communicable (NCD) diseases are the chronic disease that lasts for a longer period and progress slowly. The purpose of this paper is to identify one such disease and describe various factors which are determinant for this disease. It will determine how these determinants react with each other for the prevalence of the condition in the particular area. It will relate the implications of these findings on a research project and how the project will be carried out. NCD are a non-infectious disease in which rapid death occurs. Some of the examples of NCDs are cancer, diabetes, kidney disease and others. It has been the leading cause of death worldwide. This paper will particularly discuss the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus worldwide. It is a long-term metabolic disorder in which blood sugar rises and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells (Chen et al., 2012). It occurs mainly due to obesity and lack of physical activity. 90% of diabetes is Type II, and only 10 % diabetes case comprises Diabetes Mellitus Type I (Goren et al., 2016). In the year 2000 the prevalence of diabetes in all age and sex was 2.8%, but now it is predicted that by 2030 it will rise to 4.4%. The number of people with diabetes will rise from 2.8% in 2000 to 4.4% in 2030 (Lozano et al., 2013). Determinants of NCD The pattern of the disease differs from people to people. It is six times more common in South Asians and three times among African origin people. The socioeconomic determinants of the disease suggest that social disadvantage leads to the development of diabetes. It is proved by the prevalence of illness in low developed countries (Maier et al., 2013). This happens due to inequitable access to effective treatment and economic conditions leading to unhealthy choices. Poor people are also exposed to harmful products like tobacco and unhealthy food and limited access to health care service (Tabk et al., 2012). For example morbidity from diabetes is three times higher in poor people than in wealthy citizens in UK. Culture is also a factor as different culture has different eating habits. Eating a lot of carbohydrates and saturated fat increase weight and creates the risk of developing diabetes (Riekert et al., 2013). Physical activity is essential to reduce the chance of Type II diabetes . An overweight person having BMI of more than 25kg/m2 will have 60-80% more chance of developing the disease. The risk is determined by the age of onset, rate, and duration of weight gain (Herouvi et al., 2013). An Older person is at greater risk of the disease, but now it is prevalent in all age groups ranging from children to adult. The risk of Type 2 diabetes is also related to genetic factors like genetic heterogeneity, gene interaction and the role played by the environment. It also occurs due to family history of the disease in individuals. The complete sequence of human genome helps in evaluating genetic basis of the disease (Tuomi et al., 2014). Prevalence of diabetes in Europe This section will describe the prevalence of Type II diabetes in Europe. Europe has about 60 million people living with the disease. 10.3% men and 9.6 % women above the age of 25 years has the disease. The incidence of diabetes case is increasing in European region due to unhealthy diet and increase in overweight population. About 3.4 million people die from the disease every year. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of death will double between 2002 to 2030 (Tamayo et al., 2014). For example, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus in children was determined by geographically-defined cases diagnosed in the child below 15 years (Patterson et al., 2012). Age is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Europe has a large number of the ageing population thus leading increase in diabetes cases. Europe has a number of people over 65 year's age, and so the co-morbidities have grown in the region (Guariguata et al., 2014). The ethnic difference also played a rol e in the prevalence of the disease. People lifestyle choices are influenced by socio-cultural and economic conditions. Globalization and urbanization also had an impact on Europe. Cheap fast food high in fat, salts and calories are highly available in European countries, and more people consumes this type of food leading to obesity. Obesity ultimately has the risk of causing the disease (Basch et al., 2013). High saturated fat intake was seen in Austria and Belgium. Urbanization increased option for different transport and reduced people's daily physical activities. All these factors promoted sedentary lifestyle and increase of morbidity of diabetes in Europe. More case was also seen due to health inequalities because of social deprivation due to poverty. This propelled the burden of the disease (Patterson et al., 2012). Implications in research project My research project is on the influence of teacher quality particularly on teacher dialectal influence on reading skills. It is about the impact of teachers cultural and language diversity on literacy skills in early years. The research is on the population of Kenya which has a culturally and linguistically diverse environment. The implication of the above information on this research is that the teacher could use their linguistic skills to spread the awareness of the disease in that region (Smith-Morris Epstein, 2014) Incidence of diabetes is growing thorough out the world. If teachers effectively communicate the ways to prevent the disease among children with cultural and linguistic background, then development of the disease in future may reduce. This learning in the early stage of children development will help them to understand the importance of their health and keep them healthy. Nowadays children are more are more addicted to electronic gadgets and social media. Thus the phy sical activity of children is reducing. They are not taking part in physical activity like the way they used to do earlier. So teacher could help in promoting maximum physical activity in children in schools. This will make them physically more active and healthy too. There can be awareness class on healthy eating habits and avoiding junk foods. The study of high prevalence rate in Europe showed that various social lifestyle factors contribute to the disease. The teacher could explain this incidence to children so that they maximize their physical activity. The more active they are in life, lesser is the chance of weight gain or obesity. As obesity is a major factor for the disease, so increased physical activity will help them in maintaining weight (Fellinger Holzinger, 2014).The study leads me to conclude that more people are getting the disease because the world population is shifting towards elder people and lifestyle expectancy is increasing. So if there awareness is started b y educating children early in their life, the increased number of incidence of diabetes could be reduced. Conclusion From the whole study, it can be summaries that non-communication disease is on the rise. This study about diabetes briefly describes the factors that were the determinants of type II diabetes. It gave data on the incidence of diabetes worldwide and specifically in Europe. It also analyzed the how the determinant factors of diabetes lead to the prevalence of the disease in Europe. 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